Basic Electrical Theory
Subelement ZLB
Section ZLB03
Electronics Fundamentals
Correct answer: a semiconductor
Silicon is a material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Its conductivity can be controlled by:
- temperature
- doping with impurities
This makes it suitable for use in electronic components such as:
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diodes
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transistors
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integrated circuits
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It is not a good conductor like copper.
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It is not an insulator.
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It is not a superconductor.
Therefore, silicon is a semiconductor.
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An element which falls somewhere between being an insulator and a conductor is called a
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P-type conductor
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intrinsic conductor
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Correct Answersemiconductor
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N-type conductor
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In an atom
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the protons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus in opposite directions
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the protons orbit around the neutrons
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Correct Answerthe electrons orbit the nucleus
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the electrons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus
Correct answer: the electrons orbit the nucleus
An atom consists of:
- a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons
- electrons surrounding the nucleus
The electrons move in regions (orbitals) around the nucleus.
- Protons and neutrons remain in the nucleus.
- They do not orbit each other.
Therefore, in an atom, the electrons orbit the nucleus.
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An atom that loses an electron becomes
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Correct Answera positive ion
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an isotope
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a negative ion
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a radioactive atom
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An electric current passing through a wire will produce around the conductor
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an electric field
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Correct Answera magnetic field
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an electrostatic field
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nothing
Correct answer: a magnetic field
When an electric current flows through a conductor, it produces a magnetic field around the wire.
This is described by electromagnetic principles (e.g. Ampère’s Law).
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The magnetic field forms concentric circles around the conductor.
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Its strength depends on the current.
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An electric field exists due to voltage, not current flow alone.
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Electrostatic fields relate to stationary charges.
Therefore, the current produces a magnetic field.
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A common use for a magnet is in
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Correct AnswerA computer speaker
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An optical mouse
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A keyboard
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A magnetic loop antenna
Correct answer: A computer speaker
A loudspeaker uses a permanent magnet and a voice coil to convert electrical signals into sound.
When current flows through the voice coil:
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it creates a magnetic field
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interacts with the permanent magnet
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causes movement of the speaker cone → produces sound
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Optical mice and keyboards do not rely on magnets.
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Magnetic loop antennas use currents and fields but not permanent magnets in this way.
Therefore, a common use for a magnet is in a computer speaker.
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The term describing opposition to electron flow in a metallic circuit is
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current
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voltage
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Correct Answerresistance
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power
Correct answer: resistance
Resistance is the property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current (electron flow).
It is measured in ohms (\(\Omega\)) and is defined by Ohm’s Law:
\[ R = \frac{V}{I} \]
- Current is the flow of electrons.
- Voltage is the potential difference driving the current.
- Power is the rate of energy transfer.
Therefore, the term is resistance.
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The substance which will most readily allow an electric current to flow is
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an insulator
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Correct Answera conductor
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a resistor
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a dielectric
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The plastic coating formed around wire is
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Correct Answeran insulator
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a conductor
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an inductor
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a magnet
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The following is a source of electrical energy
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p-channel FET
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carbon resistor
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germanium diode
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Correct Answerlead acid battery
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An important difference between a common torch battery and a lead acid battery is that only the lead acid battery
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has two terminals
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contains an electrolyte
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Correct Answercan be re-charged
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can be effectively discharged
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As temperature increases, the resistance of a metallic conductor
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Correct Answerincreases
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decreases
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remains constant
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becomes negative
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In an n-type semiconductor, the current carriers are
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holes
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Correct Answerelectrons
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positive ions
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photons
Correct answer: electrons
In an n-type semiconductor, impurities are added that provide extra electrons to the crystal structure.
These free electrons are able to move through the material and act as the majority charge carriers responsible for current flow.
- Holes are the majority carriers in p-type material.
- Positive ions are fixed in the lattice and do not move.
- Photons are not charge carriers.
Therefore, the current carriers in an n-type semiconductor are electrons.
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In a p-type semiconductor, the current carriers are
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photons
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electrons
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positive ions
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Correct Answerholes
Correct answer: holes
In a p-type semiconductor, impurities are added that create a deficiency of electrons in the crystal structure.
These missing electrons are called holes, which behave as positive charge carriers and move through the material as nearby electrons fill the gaps.
- Photons are not charge carriers.
- Electrons are the majority carriers in n-type material.
- Positive ions are fixed in the crystal lattice and do not move.
Therefore, the current carriers in a p-type semiconductor are holes.
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An electrical insulator
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lets electricity flow through it in one direction
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Correct Answerdoes not let electricity flow through it
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lets electricity flow through it when light shines on it
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lets electricity flow through it
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Four good electrical insulators are
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plastic, rubber, wood, carbon
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glass, wood, copper, porcelain
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paper, glass, air, aluminium
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Correct Answerglass, air, plastic, porcelain
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Three good electrical conductors are
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copper, gold, mica
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gold, silver, wood
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Correct Answergold, silver, aluminium
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copper, aluminium, paper
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The name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit is
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voltage
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resistance
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capacitance
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Correct Answercurrent
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