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Subelement B-007

B-007

Section B-007-003

Section B-007-003

What term describes an area that is too distant for reception of ground waves, but too close for reception of ionospheric waves?

  • Scatter zone
  • Propagation zone
  • Correct Answer
    Skip zone
  • Shadow zone

The Skip Zone is a zone of silence beyond the reach of the Ground Wave but closer than the nearest point where the Sky Wave returns to Earth.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

What is the maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region?

  • 12 000 km
  • Correct Answer
    4 000 km
  • 300 km
  • 2 000 km

One hop via the E region of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 sub-region can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

What is the maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the E region?

  • Correct Answer
    2000 km
  • 4000 km
  • 300 km
  • 1000 km

One hop via the E region of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 sub-region can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

Skip zone is:

  • Correct Answer
    a zone between the end of the ground wave and the point where the first ionosphere-refracted wave returns to Earth
  • a zone of silence caused by lost sky waves
  • a zone between the antenna and the return of the first refracted wave
  • a zone between any two refracted waves

The Skip Zone is a zone of silence beyond the reach of the Ground Wave but closer than the nearest point where the Sky Wave returns to Earth.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

The distance to Europe from your location is approximately 5000 km. What type of high frequency (HF) propagation is the most likely to work?

  • Tropospheric scatter
  • Back scatter
  • Sporadic "E"
  • Correct Answer
    Multi-hop

One hop via the E layer of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 layer can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

Assuming constant ionosphere region height, how does a higher radiation angle affect skip distance?

  • It increases, due to the increase in critical frequency
  • It increases, due to the geometry of the signal path
  • Correct Answer
    It decreases, due to the geometry of the signal path
  • It decreases, due to the decrease in critical frequency

How far one hop through the ionosphere reaches depends on the take-off angle of the wave with respect to ground ( the lower, the further ) AND the height of the layer where refraction takes place ( the higher, the further ). One hop via the E layer of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 layer can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

On a double-hop path involving the surface of the Earth as a middle point, what phenomenon returns the radio wave to the ionosphere?

  • Scattering
  • Refraction
  • Diffraction
  • Correct Answer
    Reflection

Following refraction in the ionosphere, a sky wave may be reflected by the surface of an ocean or ground.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

Skip distance is the:

  • maximum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere
  • Correct Answer
    minimum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere
  • minimum distance reached by a ground-wave signal
  • maximum distance a signal will travel by both a ground wave and reflected wave

Skip Distance is the "nearest point where the sky wave returns".

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

Skip is a term associated with signals from the ionosphere. What causes skip?

  • Selective fading of local signals
  • Correct Answer
    Refraction by the ionosphere
  • Local cloud cover
  • High gain antennas are being used

The phenomenon that returns certain radio waves to Earth is primarily refraction.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

The skip distance of a sky wave will be greatest when the:

  • signal given out is strongest
  • polarization is vertical
  • Correct Answer
    angle between the ground and the emitted radiation is smallest
  • ionosphere is most densely ionized

How far one hop through the ionosphere reaches depends on the take-off angle of the wave with respect to ground ( the lower, the further ) AND the height of the region where refraction takes place ( the higher, the further ). One hop via the E region of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 sub-region can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

How does an increase in the height of the refracting region affect skip distance?

  • It decreases, due to the geometry of the signal path
  • It increases, due to the increase in critical frequency
  • It decreases, due to the increase in critical frequency
  • Correct Answer
    It increases, due to the geometry of the signal path

How far one hop through the ionosphere reaches depends on the take-off angle of the wave with respect to ground ( the lower, the further ) AND the height of the region where refraction takes place ( the higher, the further ). One hop via the E region of the ionosphere can reach 2000 km. One hop via the F2 sub-region can reach 4000 km. Multiple hops cover greater distances.

Original copyright; explanations transcribed with permission from Francois VE2AAY, author of the ExHAMiner exam simulator. Do not copy without his permission.

Tags: none

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